Methodology

The curated schema that ties the different waves of feminism (as well as the texts assigned per wave) together is the baseline for the research conducted on these movements.

The schema’s meta element grapples with the text’s origin and authorship. To create a well-formed XML document, each text annotation needed to include text sorted in the author attribute, the title attribute, the source attribute, and the publication date. In that order. This part of the annotation process is vital because it provides specific insight into when in the feminist movement the text was produced, who in the movement produced it, who in the movement published it, and what topic in the movement the text discusses.

There are nine additional elements the researchers utilised in the text annotation process utilizing the Oxygen software. These elements include “power system,” “intersection,” “identity,” “religion,” “class,” “structure,” “f_theory,” “s_theory,” and “setting.” All of these elements serve a specific purpose in drawing conclusions in the research being conducted. It categorizes the nine individual viewpoints the researchers take in examining historical texts.

The “power system” element is the parent element of seven attributes. These attributes include “p_patriarchy,” “p_religion,” “p_class,” “p_race,” “p_political,” “p_social,” and “p_matriarchy.” The researchers attach this element with instances in which power systems are referenced or incorporated in the texts. Types of power systems give the researchers/readers insight into the type of oppression discussed/enforced in each text.

The “religion” element is the parent element of ten attributes. These attributes include “r_non_western,” “r_islam,” “r_protestentism” “r_catholicism,” “r_judaism,” “r_indigenous,” “r_christianity,” “r_greekmyth,” “r_quaker,” and “r_anglican.” Religion also shows up as an attribute of the power system. It is an element as well that serves to properly distinguish how different religious philosophies/practices differ across belief systems.

The “class” element is the parent element of seven attributes. These attributes include “social,” “political,” “economic,” “working_class,” “wealthy,” “middle,” and “lower.” Even though class is also a power system, this element serves as a specific element that analyzes what tier of class is being analyzed. It also considers the type of class conflicts that exist, both economic and political.

The “intersection” element exists without any children in the schema. This element, even though the specifications are limitated, grapples with the concept of intersectionality pioneered by Kimberlé Crenshaw. It is utilized by the researchers in instances where the concept of intersectional feminism can be discussed. The “identity” element is the parent element of four attributes. These attributes include “race,” “sexuality,” “gender,” and “nationality.” In this breath, intersectionality can be broken down to its core parts. People are a mosaic of their social identities assigned to them, and they all play a part in how ideologies of feminism operate. The “setting” element exists without any children in the schema. This element is used to categorize where a text is produced.

The “f_theory” element is the parent element of nine attributes. These attributes include “f_marxist,” “f_rad_fem,” “f_terf,” “f_liberal,” “f_praxis,” “f_antifeminist,” “f_political_lesbian,” “f_abolitionist,” and “f_enlightenment_individualism.” This portion of the schema brings in a system of how to organize the discussion on specific feminist ideologies.

The “s_theory” element is the parent element of four attributes. These attributes include “s_freud,” “s_right_of_man,” “s_enlightenment,” and “s_natural_rights.” This portion of the schema deals with how four different social ideologies operate in the assessed texts.

The “structure” element is the parent element of fourteen attributes. It deals mainly with how the original text is structured. It is a line of code that also structures the text and its syntax accordingly when its appearance is translated on the website. This is important because for the research findings to have the most clarity, a characteristic that needs to be respected and adhered to at its core is how the original text is structured by the author and publisher. The attributes in this element include “q” (quote), “cap” (caption), “p” (paragraph), “c,” (chapter), “l” (line), “s” (stanza), “page” (page), “po” (poem), “le” (letter), “date” (date), “fnote,” (footnote), “header” (header), “subhead” (subheading), and “sig” (signature).